Analysis of Freeze–Thaw Response and Pore Characteristics of Artificially Frozen Soft Soil under Combined Formation Seepage

Artificial ground freezing (AGF) is a widely used method in coastal tunnel construction and reinforcement. With more underground areas, clay–sand combined formation, which common brings challenges to AGF. In this paper, the frost–thaw characteristics of soft clay during AFG under formation seepage were studied by model test. It was found that shape curtain changed condition seepage, water content upper soil layer decreased markedly after settlement. Subsequently micro melted CT also conducted for further mechanism analysis, it indicated distribution number had obvious segmentation along height. Finally, 3D structure reconstructed, proposed calculate freeze–thaw settlement through numbers.